Friday, 20 December 2013

Physics Made Simple : Total Internal Reflection

Total Internal Reflection

When a ray of light passes from a denser medium (glass) to a rarer medium (air),the refracted ray bends away from the normal and the angle of refraction is greater than the angle of incidence.

As the angle of incidence I increases,the anlge of refraction r also increases in a way that r is always greater than i.till for a particular value of angle of incidence,the corresponding angle of refraction become 90 degrees and the refracted ray grazes along the surface.

“The angle of incidence in the denser medium for which the corresponding angle of refraction is 90 degrees in the rarer medium is called the critical angle”C”.

This angle of incidence/Critical angle is denoted by “C”  .

When the value of the angle of incidence becomes greater than the critical angle,then the ray does not pass into the second medium (air),that is the ray of light no longer undergoes refraction,but are totally reflected back in the denser medium eg (glass) obeying the laws of reflection.

Such reflection of light is termed as “Total Internal Reflection”.

There are two conditions that must exist for total internal reflection:

1.The ray of light should travel from a denser medium to a rare medium.

2.The angle of incidence should be greater than the critical angle.   
  
Critical Angles of Different Materials:


Glass                                     42 degrees

Water                                   49 degrees

Diamond                              24 Degrees











1.Total internal reflection can be seen at the air-water boundary.





2.Total internal reflection in a block of acrylic



3.Total internal reflection in a semi-circular acrylic block

Images from Wikipedia



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