Nephrology made Simple : End Stage Renal Disease

End Stage Renal Disease:

This is defined as loss of function of the kidney to such an extent that requires treatment with either long term dialysis or renal transplantation

Causes of End Stage Renal Disease:

1.Diabetes Mellitus:

This is the most common cause of ESRD in Western countries.

2.Arterial Pathology:

Diseases that can cause longterm  arterial/vascular pathology in the kidney include :

Hypertension.

Malignant Hypertension.

Renal artery stenosis.

3.Infections of kidney:

This includes

Glomerulonephritis.

Pyelonephritis.

Tuberculosis.

HIV.

4.Obstructive uropathy

5.Reflux uropathy

6..Toxins:

Such as:

Lead

Cadmium

Lithium

Cyclosporin

7.Familial Diseases:

Polycystic kidney disease

Fabry”s disease

Oxalosis

Tuberous sclerosis

Cystinosis

Alport”s disease

8.Other causes:

Interstitial nephritis

Radiation nephritis

Sickle cell disease

Sarcoidosis

Traumatic Renal Loss