Biochemistry : Aldehydes and ketones

 Aldehydes and ketones possess the strongly reducing carbonyl group C=O

Aldehydes have one and ketones have two alkyl groups attached to the carbon bearing the crbonyl group.

The sugars in addition to being polyhydric alcohols are also either aldehydes or ketones.

Aldehyde

Organic compounds containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl

 center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R

 group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain

What are aldehydes in chemistry?

Aldehydes are organic compounds, in which a carbon atom shares a double bond with an oxygen atom, a single bond with a hydrogen atom, and a single bond with another atom or group of atoms (designated R in general chemical formulas and structure diagrams). These compounds help create fragrances for products like perfume, laundry detergent and soap.

Industrial Applications. 

Aldehydes are versatile compounds that can help make resins, dyes and organic acids, as well as perfumes , for cologne, detergents and soaps. Of all aldehydes, formaldehyde is produced industrially on the largest  scale.

Perfumes

Aldehydes are present in many organic materials, everything from rose, citronella, vanilla and orange

 rind. Scientists also can create these compounds synthetically to use as ingredients for sweet-smelling

 perfumes and colognes. 

What are the names of these aldehydes?

1 carbon atom: form -

2 carbon atoms: acet -

3 carbon atoms: propion -

4 carbon atoms: butyr -

Methods of preparation of Aldehydes :

There are several methods for preparing aldehydes,[2] but the dominant technology is hydroformylation

Other Methods include :

Oxidative routes 

Specialty Methods

Reaction name

Ozonolysis

Organic reduction

Rosenmund reaction

Wittig reaction

Formylation reactions

Nef reaction

Kornblum oxidation

Zincke reaction

Stephen aldehyde synthesis

Meyers synthesis

Geminal halide hydrolysis

Hofmann rearrangement

McFadyen-Stevens reaction

Biotransformation