Computer Studies Made Simple : Devices used for connecting Computer Networks

Gateway:

A gateway is a device that connects two or more networks with different types of protocols.

This device converts data according to the protocol.

The computer on a Local Area Network   require gateway access to internet

Bridges

A bridge is a device that connects two network segments.

It connects similar types of networks.

On receiving a signal,the bridge decides which segment the signal should be sent to.

It reads the address of sending and reciving computers

Advantages

It increases network performance

It reduces network traffic

Dermatology Made Simple : Skin lesions caused by Drugs

Skin lesions caused by Drugs

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis :

This is an extensive and life threatening skin muco-cutaneous skin disorder that usually occurs in response to a use of medication.

It causes extensive necrosis of skin and formation of blisters and large part of skin becomes denuded.

Patients become unwell clinically and can lead to dehydration and death rapidly if not treated in time.

Mucous membranes of eyes,mouth and genitalia can become involved.

It shoud be treated in HDU prompltly.

The causative medications should be withdrawn.


Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Steven Johnson”s Syndrome

This is a immune complex mediated hypersensitivity reaction to drugs that involves mucous membranes of mouth eyes and genitals .

Patients are clinically unwell with fever,headache,and malaise.

The skin lesions consist of erythema,pustules papules and erosions.

Treatment consists of stopping the offending drugs,fluid balance and skin dressings.

Incase of serious /extensive involvement,the patient should be nursed in HDU  

Computer Studies Made Simple : Devices used to connect networks of computer

Devices used to connect networks of computer

Different devices used to connect networks of computer are as follows

Routers

Gateway

Bridges

Router:

This device connects multiple networks that use similar or different protocols.

It manages the best and most appropriate route between any two communication networks.

It consists of both software and hardware.

The hardware can be a network server or a separate computer.

The software includes operating system and routing protocol.

Advantages

Routers are used when several networks are connected together.

They can connect networks between different countries

They can transfer data in less time.

Dermatology Made Simple : Rashes caused by Drugs

Dermatology Made Simple : Rashes caused by Drugs :

Many medications have the potential to cause rashes on the skin as side effect.

Majority of these lesions are not severe and simple measures can treat them such as simple emollients.

However some lesions can be life threatening such as Steven Johnson”s syndrome and Toxic Epidermal 

Necrolysis

Some commonly encountered drug reactions are as follows:

Erythema nodosum

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Steven Johnson”s Syndrome

Vasculitis

Photosensitivity

Urticaria

Angio-oedema

Pigmentary changes

Patterns Of Involvement of Drug Induced Skin Rashes :

Drug induced skin rashes maybe geenralized meaning they can affect the skin of entire body or they may be 

localized